Bipartisan AI Proposal Ignites Debate Over Federal and State Regulation
WASHINGTON — A bipartisan group of House lawmakers has introduced one of Congress’ most comprehensive efforts to regulate artificial intelligence, but the proposal is already facing criticism from lawmakers, advocacy organizations, and technology experts concerned about its impact on state oversight.
The 269-page discussion draft, known as the Great American Artificial Intelligence Act, was unveiled by Representatives Jay Obernolte of California and Lori Trahan of Massachusetts, along with a bipartisan group of co-sponsors. The legislation aims to create a nationwide framework for regulating advanced AI systems while addressing concerns related to cybersecurity, fraud, and workforce development.
Under the proposal, large AI developers with more than $500 million in annual revenue would be required to publish risk-management frameworks and reports outlining the potential dangers associated with their most advanced models. Companies would also be subject to audits by independent verification organizations that would review compliance and report findings to federal regulators.
The bill would formally establish the Center for AI Standards and Innovation (CAISI) within the National Institute of Standards and Technology and provide it with $300 million in funding over the next three years. Lawmakers say the center would help oversee AI safety standards, conduct evaluations of advanced AI models, and coordinate efforts to address emerging technological risks.
Supporters of the legislation argue that a federal approach is necessary to provide consistent rules for AI companies operating across the country. The proposal also includes provisions designed to strengthen cybersecurity by supporting open-source software developers, expanding information-sharing programs, and improving the nation's ability to identify and respond to digital threats.
However, the bill's most controversial provision would temporarily limit states' ability to regulate AI developers. Critics argue that the measure could prevent states from enforcing existing laws or creating new protections related to privacy, discrimination, consumer rights, and AI safety.
The American Civil Liberties Union and several AI advocacy groups have voiced opposition to the proposal, arguing that states have been among the most active governments in addressing potential harms associated with artificial intelligence. Critics warn that reducing state authority could weaken accountability and allow technology companies greater freedom to deploy powerful AI systems with limited oversight.
The debate highlights the growing challenge facing lawmakers as artificial intelligence becomes increasingly integrated into daily life. As Congress weighs the future of AI regulation, questions remain about whether federal standards should replace state action or work alongside it to protect the public while encouraging innovation.
